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John Mulvany
John Mulvany (c. 1839 – 1906) was an Irish artist best known as an artist of the American West〔Taft, "Artists and Illustrators of the Old West 1850-1900" New York; Bonanza Books 1953〕 who painted the first large (11ftx21ft) image of General Custer’s defeat by the Oglala Sioux Indians at Little Big Horn in 1876. Mulvany’s painting ''Custer’s Last Rally'', was finished in 1881.〔Kansas City Times 17 March 1881; Kansas City Times 19 March 1881〕 In Ireland, he is known for ''The Battle of Aughrim'', painted in 1885〔Freeman’s Journal,30 June 1885 and Niamh O’Sullivan’s article for Gorry Gallery Exhibition Catalogue Dec. 2010, Dublin, Ireland〕 and exhibited in Dublin in 2010.〔Niamh O’Sullivan, Irish Times 2 October 2010 and Conor O’Clery www. globalpost.com/dispatch/…/battleof-aughrim-john mulvany 12 Oct 2010〕
Mulvany also recorded the American Civil War on canvas as well as maintaining a career as a portrait painter throughout his life.〔Robert Emmet, (N. O’Sullivan, ’The Lost Patriot’s Portrait’, The Irish Times, 13 Sept 2003; Gen. Francis Meagher,(New York Tribune 22 Nov 1897) Sitting Bull, (O’Sullivan correspondence with artist’s family) Joseph Pulitzer,(Dippie, Brian) H.J. Heinz, (O’Sullivan, N correspondence with Heinz family) Dr. Patrick Cronin, (‘Dr. Cronin, An Excellent Portrait’, Daily Inter Ocean 2 June 1889) Brigham Young,( Salt Lake Herald 30 Oct 1892) Dr. Robinson ("Lessons in Likeness: Portrait Painters in Kentucky and the Ohio River Valley" By Estill Curtis Pennington, 2011, ill, p. 75)〕
== Early life and training ==
Mulvany was born in Diralagh, County Meath, Ireland c. 1839 to tenant farmers, Francis Lee and Thomas Mulvany.〔Bishop Thomas Mulvany genealogy〕 When he immigrated to New York City in 1851 at the age of 12,〔Tuite’s Gaelic American 3 part series in March/April 1909〕 he was old enough to have witnessed and grasped the horrors of the Irish Famine.〔Cusack, Danny. The Great Famine in County Meath. Meath County Council, Ireland, 1995〕 He worked as a tow boy on the Erie Canal and came to the attention of Professor Juan Wandersford at the National Academy of Design in New York City.〔Brooklyn Star 17 Oct. 1900〕 In 1859 Mulvany enrolled in classes there.〔National Academy of Design Registry〕 before he went to Washington, D.C. to work for Mathew Brady by 1863.〔Diary of Horatio Nelson Taft, 1861-1865. Volume 2, January 1-December 31, 1863.Washington Wednesday January 7th 1863 and Alexander Gardner in 1865.''Daily National Republican'', Washington DC, 26 December 1865〕
Mulvany never served in the army but may have worked as a sketch artist for a Chicago newspaper.〔Tuite 6 March 1909〕 Mulvany’s later Civil War paintings were praised for their realism - paintings such as ''Sheridan’s Ride at Winchester'', 1896〔'Sheridan’s Famous Ride’ ''Baltimore American'' 5 December 1896,‘Sheridan’s Ride on Canvas’, ''Washington Post'', 5 December 1896, ''Chicago Inter Ocean'' 6 Dec. 1896〕 ''McPherson and Revenge'', 1889,〔‘McPherson and Revenge’ ''Chicago Citizen'', 7 April 1888, ''Murphysboro American'', 14 Aug 2008,〕 ''Battle of Shiloh''〔Gateway Heritage Magazine Index 10〕 and ''The Death of General Mulligan''.〔''New York Herald'' 22 Nov. 1897〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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